What is type one diabetes?
Type 1
diabetes is a chronic disorder caused by the failure of the pancreas to take
insulin or to produce insulin at low concentrations, where the importance of
the hormone lies in enhancing glucose cell entry and energy production.
Type I diabetes causes high blood
glucose (hyperglycemia); Therefore, the patient needs daily insulin injections
to maintain blood glucose levels, and although childhood or adolescence is
common, it can also affect adults.
What is the role of insulin?
Insulin is a hormone that comes from a
gland in the pancreas, and the pancreas makes insulin into the bloodstream;
This allows sugar to enter the cells, thus reducing the amount of sugar in the
bloodstream, as well as the release of insulin from the pancreas.
What is the role of glucose?
The main source of energy for the cells
that make up other muscles and tissues is glucose, and glucose is two main
sources, food and liver storage, absorption of sugar from the bloodstream,
entering cells with the help of insulin, and the storage of excess glucose in
the form of glycogen cells.
When glucose levels are low, in
long-term non-food situations such as fasting, the liver breaks down stored
glycogen, converting it to glucose; To keep your blood sugar levels within the
normal range.
What is the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes?
Although there are some common factors
in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, they differ in many other factors, such as
causes and treatment methods. Many people may wonder which type of diabetes 1
or 2 is the most dangerous, but both types are dangerous as high blood sugar
leads to serious health complications.
The most important differences and
differences between diabetes 1 and 2 are insulin secretion:
In first-grade sugar, the pancreas does
not produce insulin as a result of the body attacking and destroying the cells
of the pancreas.
In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas
excretes insulin, but in small amounts and not enough for the body, or the
cells do not respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses, the
pancreas may stop producing insulin altogether.
The difference between the symptoms of
type 1 and type 2 diabetes is no different, but in type 1 diabetes, the
symptoms appear faster, unlike in type 2 diabetes, which shows symptoms slowly.
Unlike type 2 diabetes, people with type 1 diabetes do not suffer from obesity.
In treatment, the difference between
type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes is that type 1 depends only on insulin,
while type 2 is treated in various medicinal and non-pharmacological ways, and
in some cases, insulin can be used.
Causes of type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the
destruction of beta cells in the pancreas responsible for insulin secretion by
the immune system, as insulin secretion becomes little or not at all, and the
main factor for type 1 diabetes is unknown.
It is worth mentioning that some people
may have so-called secondary diabetes, which is similar to type one, but the
death of the beta cells in the pancreas is a pancreatic disease, that destroys
the beta cells.
Type 1 diabetes risk factors
Type I diabetes may be associated with
genetic and environmental factors, such as:
Exposure to certain types of viral
infection, such as mumps, rubella, and gut viruses. Type 1 diabetes is an
immune-mediated disease that can result from a viral infection because the body
produces some antibodies to fight the virus, but it attacks natural cells in
the body that are similar to the virus.
Exposure to some toxic chemicals.
Drink cow's milk when you are a child.
Upper respiratory infections early in
life, and type 1 diabetes are more likely to occur if the infections occur in
the first six months of birth.
Type 1 diabetes is more common in men
than in women.
What is the physiology of type 1
diabetes?
The pathology of type 1 diabetes depends
on the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by insulin and is thought to be
associated with autonomic response and immune cell targeting of beta cells.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes
The signs and symptoms of type I diabetes
appear gradually or suddenly as follows:
urinary frequency
Overthrirst
Fast weight loss.
Fatigue.
Excessive appetite.
Nausea.
Cloudy visibility.
Recovery from injuries was delayed.
Dry mouth.
Repeated inflammation of the female
skin, uric system or vagina.
Humour changes.
Involuntary nocturnal urination of
children.
As for the symptoms of an emergency with
first diabetes:
Have a knot.
Fast breathing.
The patient's odour is similar to that
of fruit or acetone.
Abdominal pain.
Loss of consciousness.
How is type I diabetes diagnosed?
The diagnosis of type I diabetes depends
on a series of laboratory tests, including:
Laboratory tests for diabetic
haemoglobin (HbA1C), which is greater than 6.5 in diabetes.
Random glucose and diabetes lab tests at
an altitude greater than 200 mg/dasel.
Fasting glucose laboratory tests, which
may be diabetes greater than 126 mg/dcal.
The oral glucose tolerance test, which
reveals the glucose concentration two hours after a diabetic solution,
diagnoses diabetes with a glucose concentration greater than 200 mg/dcal.
Treatment of type 1 diabetes
The treatment of type 1 diabetes may
include a series of measures aimed at maintaining the safety of the different
organs of the body:
Compensatory treatment of the hormone
insulin and different types of insulin:
fast-acting insulin,
Insulin,
Intermediate-acting insulin is often
mixed with short-acting or rapid-acting insulin.
This is the first time the two men have
been killed in the past, and the second time they have been killed in the past,
they have been killed in the last two years. Insulin is often taken quickly at
night before going to sleep.
It is worth noting that rapid-acting
insulin does not cause a drop in blood sugar, but it does keep it at normal
levels.
Some types of rapid-acting insulin stay
in the body for 42 hours, such as
Comply with the diet of patients with
type 1 diabetes, according to the patient's insulin doses, general health
condition, physical activity, age and gender.
Exercise regularly for at least 30
minutes a day.
Tips for living with type 1 diabetes
Here are some important tips for living
with type 1 diabetes:
Periodic monitoring of blood glucose
level by detection of glycemic haemoglobin, 4-6 times a year; To confirm the
effectiveness of the treatment recommended by the doctor.
Adhere to the clinician-recommended type
1 diabetic diet, which is:
Maintain blood glucose levels throughout
the day within normal limits.
Guide the patient away from starvation
or overwhelm the body.
Recognize that starvation in the body
leads to low blood sugar levels, which can have serious complications if
repeated.
Know that the saturation of the body
with diabetes and carbohydrates leads to increased blood sugar levels, extreme
fatigue, stomach cramps and other symptoms.
Constantly maintain and clean the teeth;
To prevent chronic gum infections.
Control your blood cholesterol level and
blood pressure within normal rates.
Exercise regularly.
Give up smoking.
Watch for symptoms of low blood sugar,
such as racing, sweating, and hand tremors. In case of low blood sugar, the
patient should take something sweet that is quickly digested, such as simple
sugars to avoid losing consciousness and avoid eating fatty foods, such as
chocolate or full-fat milk.
How can type 1 diabetes be protected?
There are no precautions available for
type 1 diabetes; Because the main causal factor is not specified.
Complications of type 1 diabetes
The incidence of type I and type II
diabetes is accompanied by serious complications, and the likelihood of these
complications can be reduced by trying to control blood sugar levels within
normal limits in patients with type I diabetes, and by avoiding their reduction
or increase, including:
Cardiovascular diseases.
Osteoporosis.
Gum diseases.
Pregnancy problems, such as premature
birth, and poisoning during pregnancy.
Neuropathy.
Renal insufficiency.
Diabetic retinopathy.
Gangrene of the foot, that is. lack of
blood flow and damage to nerve fibres.
Increase the likelihood of bacterial or
fungal infections.
Hearing disorders.
vision loss
Alzheimer disease.
Control of sugar levels within normal
limits reduces the probability of the following complications within companion
relationships:
Reduces the chance of eye disease by 76%.
The probability of liver disease is 54%
delayed.
Reduces the chance of nerve death by 60%.
Reduces the probability of heart and
stroke by 44%.
Reduces heart disease by 56%.
What is the flow of type 1 diabetes?
Type I diabetes is associated with high
morbidity and early death, although complications do not occur in more than 60%
of cases, and the survival rate is 10 to 20 years from diagnosis, some may
develop vision loss, kidney failure and early death.